PSYCHOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD & ADOLESCENCE
PSY 360 – Fall 2003
Test 5

Multiple Choice:  Circle the letter corresponding to the single most correct answer (@ 1 point).

[NOTE: Answers to the multiple choice questions can be found at the end of this test.]

1.     Who coined the phrase "ecology of development"?

        A.    Bandura                                             C.    Bowlby

        B.     Bronfenbrenner                                   D.    Piaget

2.     The exosystem refers to

        A.    the family and school

        B.     elements such as the neighborhood in which the family lives and the ethnic identity of the family

        C.    circles in which the child develops

        D.    all system elements indirectly influencing the child through their affect on the microsystems

3.     Parental warmth and affection does all of the following EXCEPT

        A.    create children who are overprotected and timid

        B.     increase the potency of things the parents tell their children

        C.    increase the efficiency of the parent's discipline

        D.    create children who are more skillful with peers

4.     Mark and Jane have a six-month-old son.  Most of the time they pick him up right away when he cries, and if you watched them with the baby you'd see that, if he smiles, they immediately smile back.  Now that he's babbling a bit, they also "talk back" to him when he makes noises.  Psychologists who study family interactions would describe mark and Jane's behavior as

        A.    authoritarian                                        C.    responsive

        B.     sympathetic                                        D.    thoughtful

5.     Mr.  and Mrs. Laughern are very nurturing parents, but they make few maturity demands on their children, exercise a low level of control and do not communicate very much with them.  Baumrind would label the Laugherns as

        A.    authoritarian                                        C.    neglecting

        B.     authoritative                                        D.    permissive

6.     Mrs. Matrovianni is a very nurturant mother and communicates well with her children.  They know that she expects them to behave in a mature manner and obey her rules.  Mrs. Mastrovianni would fit Baumrinds' classification of

        A.    authoritarian                                        C.    neglecting

        B.     authoritative                                        D.    permissive

7.     Children living in step-parent families are more likely to

        A.    perform well in school                         C.    be well-behaved in school

        B.     have higher rates of delinquency          D.    be helpful at home

8.     Complex jobs are linked to increases in which type of child-rearing?

        A.    authoritarian                                        C.    neglecting

        B.     authoritative                                        D.    permissive

9.     Researchers have found that temperamentally irritable infants are more likely to have an insecure attachment to their mothers when the mother

        A.    lacks adequate social support              C.    has adequate social support

        B.     lives in a poverty situation                    D.    is strongly permissive

10.   Children show the least losses during the transition to high school in which system?

        A.    6-3-3                    B.   5-3-4                C.   8-4               D.   4-2-2-4

11.   Cheryl wants to win the school spelling bee. This is a(n)

        A.    task goal                                             C.    ability goal

        B.     competence goal                                 D.    learning goal

12.   Sam is ability goal oriented.  He is more likely to

        A.    attribute success and failure to external forces

        B.     feel positive about school

        C.    have a strong sense of personal control

        D.    have internal standards of performance

13.   Longitudinal studies have found all of the following to be strong predictors of subsequent dropout EXCEPT

        A.    history of academic failure                   C.    pattern of aggressive behavior

        B.     the need to earn money                       D.    decisions about risky behavior

14.   Most parents home school because

        A.    their children are disabled                                      C.   of religious beliefs

        B.     they believe the schools are ineffective                 D.   their children are gifted

15.   Rick has a 30-hours-per-week job after school.  Which of the following is most likely to be the effect of his job?

        A.    he will begin to use alcohol more heavily

        B.     His grades will improve

        C.    He will decide that he needs a college education

        D.    He will help his parent more

16.   Compared to poor parents with less education, poor parents with relatively more education typically _____________ to their children

        A.    provide about the same level of intellectual stimulation           

        B.     are just about as responsive

        C.    are more authoritarian                        

        D.    talk more

17.   Mae Lin is Asian-American.  She probably has been taught to

        A.    believe that achievement is important   C.    stress individual needs

        B.     be assertive                                                D.          believe in fate

18.   According to developmental psychopathologists, abnormal and normal development

        A.    are governed by distinctly different basic processes

        B.     are unlikely to occur with the same family

        C.    are determined solely by the quality of the child's first attachment

        D.    emerge from the same basic processes

19.   Which of the following disorders does NOT belong with the others?

        A.    attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  C.    externalizing problems

        B.     depression                                                  D.          disturbances of conduct

20.   Cultures that place greater emphasis on individual freedom appear to foster higher rates of

        A.    shyness             B.  fearfulness            C.  depression               D.  hyperacitvity

21.   Recent evidence indicates that ADD and ADHD are

        A.    learned by age 3                                              C.   neuropsychiatric disorders

        B.     the result of a maladaptive environment             D.   psychological disorders

22.   In DSM-IV, what appears to be childhood antisocial behavior is called a(n)

        A.    pervasive developmental problem                  C.  conduct disorder

        B.     externalizing problem                                    D.  psychosis

23.   Two criteria are usually used in deciding whether a given child is functioning at a mentally retarded level.  The first is IQ and the second is

        A.    adaptive behavior                               C.    expressive language ability

        B.     achievement test scores                       D.    socioeconomic status

24.   Which child would most likely be labeled "learning disabled?"

        A.    Bob cannot seem to read or write, but his IQ is average

        B.     Wendy cannot seem to read or write, and her IQ is well below average

        C.    Brandon does relatively well in school, but he has some serious emotional problems

        D.    Justin does well in math and other subjects, but his IQ is low average

25.   Who conducted a longitudinal study of 1,500 gifted children and found them to be successful in later life?

        A.    Herber                  B.  Goodenough              C.   Terman             D.  Rutter

KEEP THIS SHEET - You may record your multiple-choice answers on it to compare with the answer key after the test.  You will need these questions to prepare for the Final.

Write answers to these questions in your blue-book.

KEY TERMS & NAMES.  Select 5.  For each term, supply a precise definition including the context and a clear example.  For each name, supply the context and 2 other pieces of information (@ 3 points).

                        Systems Theory                                    Munchausen by Proxy

                        Dyslexia                                                Internalizing Disorder

                        Cross-Lagged Correlation                     Resilience

                        Acceleration                                          Elective Mutism
 

SHORT ANSWER.  Select & answer 2 (@ 6 points).

1.  Identify any 3 levels of Ecological Theory.  Then analyze Nickel & Dimed by supplying one clear, specific example of each level.  (You may imagine that Barbara has a young child at that time).

2.  Identify the remaining 2 levels of Ecological Theory, and continue your analysis of Nickel and Dimed by supplying a clear, specific example of each.

3.  List 4 criteria used for defining "atypical" development.  Then use each of those criteria to determine if pica is abnormal.

  1.  B          2.  D          3.  A          4.  C          5.  D          6.  B          7.  B
  8.  B          9.  A        10.  C        11.  C        12.  A        13.  B        14.  C
15.  A        16.  D        17.  A        18.  D        19.  B        20.  D        21.  C
22.  C        23.  A        24.  A        25.  C