PSYCHOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD & ADOLESCENCE
PSY 360 – Fall 2003
Test 4

Multiple Choice:  For each question below, select the single most correct answer by circling the corresponding letter (@ 1 point).

[NOTE: Answers to the multiple choice questions can be found at the end of this test.]

1.     According to Piaget, _______________ is a critical element in the development of the subjective self.

        A.    self-efficacy                                      B.     telegraphic speech

        C.    the Oedipus conflict                          D.    object permanence

2.     When Angie describes herself as coordinated but very shy. She is defining her

        A.    fused self           B.  subjective self         C.  concrete self        D.  objective self

3.     A researcher puts a spot of rouge on a baby's nose and records the baby's reaction when she looks in a mirror.  The researcher is assessing the infant's

        A.    self-awareness                                  B.     artistic ability

        C.    visual acuity                                      D.    motor development

4.     Compared to six-year-olds, the ten-year-old child's self-concept has become

        A.    less focused on external features        B.     less complex

        C.    less comparative                               D.    less focused on feelings

5.     Jorge, the son of a physician, is a second-year medical student, a Catholic, and a moderate in politics, just like his father and his grandfather.  On the basis of this information, his identity status would probably be

        A.    identity achievement                          B.     moratorium

        C.    foreclosure                                       D.    identity diffusion

6.     To a series of questions on her gender, your child answers that she is a girl, that wearing a tie would make her a boy, and that she is certainly going to grow up to be a woman.  You can conclude that she has achieved

        A.    gender stability, but not identity and constancy

        B.     gender stability and identity, but not constancy

        C.    gender stability, identity, and constancy

        D.    gender identity, but not stability and constancy

7.     Research in sex-role stereotypes has shown that

        A.    more children agree on what men are than on what women are

        B.     male qualities are more valued in Western societies

        C.    the female role is more clearly stereotyped

        D.    children stereotype more strongly than do adults

8.     Research based on gender schema theory has shown that

        A.    children rarely notice gender before grade school age

        B.     first gender scripts are learned at age five

        C.    girls are willing to imitate gender matched scripts by age 2

        D.    gender socialization occurs earlier for boys than for girls

9.     A boy who is gentle and caring and plays with dolls belongs to which gender role:

        A.    masculine                                          B.     feminine

        C.    androgynous                                     D.    undifferentiated

10.   Based on Hartup's definition, all of the following would be associated with horizontal relationships EXCEPT

        A.    competition          B.  cooperation          C.  intimacy           D.  protection

11.   An attachment is defined as

        A.    a subvariety of affectional bond in which a person's sense of security is bound up in the relationship

        B.     all those behaviors that allow a child or adult to achieve and retain proximity to someone else to whom he is attached

        C.    a relatively long-enduring tie in which the partner is important as a unique individual and is not interchangeable with another person

        D.    the new born infant's emotional connection to the mother

12.   The firs phase in the development of the infant's attachment is

        A.    object permanence                                B.    focus on one or more figures

        C.    nonfocused orienting and signaling     D.    secure base behavior

13.   Fear of strangers and separation protest

        A.    occur only in Western cultures           B.     differ in intensity among children

        C.    differ in timing among children           D.    do not really occur in most children

14.   The preschooler's goal-corrected attachment to her parents involves

        A.    being able to touch her parents whenever she needs to

        B.     having the parent within sight

        C.    planning when the parent will return

        D.    physical proximity except at nap time

15.   Ms. Levanduski is worried about what appears to be an increase in conflict with her 13-year-old teenager.  What would you tell her?

        A.    a rise in conflict is normal in adolescence

        B.     she should be prepared for major arguments over serious issues

        C.    her teenager is probably emotionally disturbed

        D.    such conflict can lead to a substantial deterioration in their relationship

16.   Oliver has been hanging around with a group of adolescent boys for several months.  Recently, they have suggested doing some things that he really does not want to do.  Oliver is most likely to

        A.    go along with the group                     B.     move to a more compatible group

        C.    change his value system                     D.    pretend to go along with the group

17.   Attachment is mostly influenced by

        A.    the temperament of the child

        B.     the goodness of fit between the infant's temperament and his environment

        C.    the environment

        D.    the temperament of the mother

18.   When a child sees someone else who is sad or hurt, and feels sad herself, this is an example of ________________.

        A.    egocentrism                                      B.     a social script

        C.    moral judgment                                 D.    empathy

19.   All of the following are patterns of developmental change in children's understanding of themselves and others EXCEPT

        A.    from inference to observation            B.     from outer to inner characteristics

        C.    from definite to qualified                    D.    from egocentric to a general view

20.   Central high school has mandated that all students wear uniforms.  This is a(n)

        A.    moral rule                                         B.     universal rule

        C.    conventional rule                               D.    amoral rule

21.   According to Freud, a person's internal moral judge is the

        A.  ego            B.  superego          C.  id             D.  conscious

22.   Derek is in the stage of moral relativism, and therefore, he

        A.    is under 8 years of age

        B.     believes that all rule violations result in punishment

        C.    believes that rules cannot be changed

        D.    knows that people can agree to change rules

23.   A shift to judgments based on rules or norms of a group to which the individual belongs is characteristic of which level of moral development?

        A.    preconventional                                B.     conventional

        C.    postconventional                               D.    postformal

24.   Kohlberg's research, confirmed by others, indicates that preconventional reasoning is dominant in

        A.    old age                                             B.     elementary school

        C.    adolescence                                      D.    adulthood

25.   Faced with a choice of helping her sister finish a project or playing outside with her own friends, a child says, "I will help, but only if she promises to help me the next time."  This child is reasoning at what level of prosocial reasoning?

        A.    hedonistic orientation                        B.     needs-oriented orientation

        C.    approval-by-others orientation          D.    internalized, individualized norms

KEEP THIS SHEET - You may record your multiple-choice answers on it to compare with the answer key after the test.  You will need these questions to prepare for the Final.

Write answers to these questions in your blue-book.

KEY TERMS & NAMES.  Select 5.  For each term, supply a precise definition including the context and a clear example.  For each name, supply the context and 2 other pieces of information (@ 3 points).

                        Strange Situation                                Law & Order Stage

                        Immanent Justice                                Internal Working Model

                        Moratorium                                        Proximity-promoting Behavior

                        Androgyny                                         Intervening Variable
 

SHORT ANSWER.  Select & answer 2 (@ 6 points).

1.  Compare & contrast each pair by identifying one major similarity and one major difference:

                    A) Freud vs Kagan

                    B) Williams Syndrome vs Autism

                    C) Genetic Sex vs Hormonal Sex

2.  Identify any 3 (of the 6) stages of moral development.  For each of them, supply a clear "yes" and "no" explanation for why Heinz should steal the drug.

3.  List the first 3 phases of social relationships and discuss 2 characteristics of each.

  1.  D          2.  D          3.  A          4.  A          5.  C          6.  B          7.  B
  8.  D          9.  B        10.  D        11.  A        12.  C        13.  B        14.  C
15.  A        16.  B        17.  B        18.  D        19.  A        20.  C        21.  B
22.  D        23.  B        24.  B        25.  A