DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: THE CHILD
PSY 360 – Fall 2001
Test 2
Multiple Choice: For each question below, select the single most correct answer by circling the corresponding letter (@ 1 point).
[NOTE: Answers to the multiple choice questions can be found at the end of this test.]
1. According to Sheldon, a child who is thin and frail in build is a(n):
A. potential athlete
B. ectomorph
C. mesomorph
D. intellectual
2. Choose the correct order, from earliest to latest, in which three
parts of the body achieve adult size.
A. hands and feet; arms and legs; trunk
B. trunk; hands and feet; arms and legs
C. arms and legs; trunk; hands and feet
D. trunk; arms and legs; hands and feet
3. The fontanels
A. allow the head to be compressed without injury during the
birth process
B. being to develop at puberty
C. are produced by endocrine glands
D. are found in obese babies
E. both C & D
4. Because of cephalocaudal sequences of ossification,
A. the fontanels close by the end of the first two months
B. pruning of synapses occurs before expansion of the dendritic
arbor
C. bones in the hands harden before those in the feet
D. an individual gradually loses bone calcium, especially rapidly
in old age
E. the feet and hands appear to be abnormally large in teenagers
5. Boys have more fat tissue than girls in which age period?
A. at all ages from birth onward
B. from birth to adolescence but not afterward
C. from birth to age two and again in adolescence
D. from puberty onward
E. none of the above
6. Which part of the brain is least developed at birth?
A. cortex
B. cerebellum
C. midbrain
D. medulla
7. Research on pruning indicates that
A. it is a random process
B. the baby’s brain is very rigid
C. plasticity is at its height in infancy
D. the brain is most easily damaged in newborns
E. it is not influenced by experience
8. Researchers have found that the changes that occur during puberty
A. are on the same schedule for boys and girls
B. are highly consistent within each sex’s sequence
C. show little variability across sexes
D. occur two years earlier in boys than in girls
9. Which would probably be the best organized sport for a six-to-seven-year-old?
A. tennis
B. soccer
C. one in which competition is emphasized
D. baseball or basketball
10. Which of the following symptoms is found in both bulimia
and anorexia nervosa?
A. extreme dieting
B. self-induced vomiting
C. binge eating
D. intense concern or fear of weight gain
11. In studying infant perception, the technique involves
showing the baby two pictures or two objects and keeping track of how long
the baby looks at each one.
A. nativism
B. habituation/dishabituation
C. preference
D. operant conditioning
12. Researchers have found that by one month, cones necessary for perceiving
___________ are clearly present.
A. blue and yellow
B. red and yellow
C. blue and green
D. red and green
13. In comparison to an adult, newborns
A. hear nearly as well in the range of the human voice
B. have poorer hearing at all pitches
C. hear low sounds better
D. rely more on vision and less on hearing because the auditory
sense is less developed
14. Research has found that children respond differentially to basic
flavors at
A. birth
B. six months
C. one year D. whenever
they become weaned from milk
15. Studies of babies’ responses to looming objects are designed to
explore what aspect of perceptual development?
A. social referencing
B. object constancy
C. object permanence
D. depth perception
16. A three-month-old infant is shown a series of drawings, one at a
time, each of which shows a small object above a larger object of the same
shape. After a while, the baby looks for shorter periods of time
until he is barely glancing at each new version of the small-above-large
pattern. Then, a test figure is shown consisting of the opposite
pattern—large above small—and the baby shows renewed interest. These
results indicate that the baby
A. was able to notice the relationships among objects, not just
the shapes of objects
B. cannot yet habituate to “old” patterns and dishabituate to
“new” patterns
C. is very intelligent, since the skills for this task are not
usually present until 4 years of age
D. habituated to the specific objects that were shown, but not
to the way the objects were arranged
17. When a baby understands that her bottle still exists even when she
throws it down and it disappears under the sofa, she is demonstrating _____________________.
A. size constancy
B. shape constancy
C. object identify
D. object permanence
18. A one-year-old infant is approached by a scary trick-or-treater.
She first looks at her mother, notices that her mother is smiling and looking
pleased, and then turns to smile at the visitor. What name do psychologist
use for this process?
A. attachment
B. object concept
C. social referencing
D. perceptual learning
19. Which of these tests, if given in the early months of life, predicts
moderately well IQ at three to four years of age?
A. rate of habituation
B. object permanence
C. the visual cliff
D. the preference technique
20. Piaget’s most central assumption was that the child is
A. a passive recipient of knowledge
B. an active participant in the development of knowledge
C. totally dependent on the environment
D. dependent on affordances from the environment
E. both A & D
21. A scheme (or schema), in Piaget’s view, is a
A. hypothesis that is not observable, testable, or disprovable
B. strategy used by parents to distract their children
C. type of psychoanalytic defense mechanism
D. mental or physical action of categorizing
22. When Tracey saw a skunk for the first time, she was told that it
was not a kitty, but a skunk. Now she recognizes skunks when she
seems them. Tracey has used
A. integration B.
accommodation C.
discrimination D.
assimilation
23. The fact that newborn babies will imitate certain facial gestures
is consistent with
A. Piaget’s original findings and theory
B. the ability of young babies to use tactual/visual cross-modal
transfer
C. the fact that all kinds of imitation require some kind of
internal representation
D. none of the above because this is impossible for newborns
24. Between five and seven, children discover general rules or strategies
for examining and interacting with the world. What did Piaget call
these rules or strategies?
A. formal operations
B. abstractions
C. accommodations
D. concrete operations
25. Children under five years of age have a production deficiency in
their memory use. This is evident in the fact that they
A. over-rehearse most things
B. can remember only concrete objects
C. do not use rehearsal unless reminded to do so
D. cannot learn to rehearse
Keep this sheet - You may record your multiple-choice answers on it to compare with the answer key after the test.
Write answers to these questions in your blue-book.
KEY TERMS. Select 5. For each, supply a precise definition
including the context and a clear example (@ 3 points).
Contact Comfort
Transductive Logic
Smile of Assimilation
Rouge Test
Shape Constancy
Kinetic Cue
Binocular Cue
Nativism
SHORT ANSWER. Select & answer 2 (@ 5 points).
1. List any 5 parts of the CNS. For each, supply a clear, specific example of how it might be functioning for a baby laying in a crib.
2. Diagram the 4 components of sensation & perception. Then use your diagram to discuss details of what happens in each component during intersensory integration.
3. Compare & contrast each pair by identifying 1 major similarity
& difference:
A) Janet Werker vs Scott
Swartzwelder
B) Judith Langlois vs Karen
Dion
C) Eleanor Gibson vs Albert
Yonas
1. B
2. A 3.
A 4. C
5. E 6.
A 7. C
8. B
9. B 10. D
11. C 12. D
13. A 14. A
15. D 16. A
17. D 18. C
19. A 20. B
21. D
22. D 23. B
24. D 25. C