DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: THE CHILD
PSY 360 – Fall 2001
Test 1
Multiple Choice: For each question below, select the single most correct answer by circling the corresponding letter (@ 1 point).
[NOTE: Answers to the multiple choice questions can be found at the end of this test.]
1. Whether a child’s development is governed by a pattern-built-in at
birth, or whether it is shaped by experiences after birth is the question
of
A. maturation versus development
B. nature versus nurture
C. change versus continuity
D. consistency versus continuity
2. Which of the following would be the best example of a maturational
change?
A. the increase in aerobic fitness for people who jog
B. the gradual acquisition of underarm hair during puberty
C. weight gain following improved diet in a deprived child
D. decline in IQ due to impoverished prenatal environment
3. The primary research technique used by behavior geneticists is
A. longitudinal research
B. experimental
C. studies of identical and fraternal twins, and adopted children
D. studies of male versus female children
4. In humans, there are some critical periods in the action of
A. parenting skills on moral development
B. education on cognitive development
C. teratogens in prenatal development
D. TV on socialization
5. In a collectivist culture a child would be encouraged to
A. become independent as soon as possible
B. consult with others before making a decision
C. assume responsibility for her actions
D. be competitive
6. Freud believed that the norms and moral structures of the family
and society are incorporated in the
A. ego
B. id
C. libido
D. superego E. both B &
D
7. Cognitive developmental theory is primarily associated with
A. Erik Erikson
B. Jean Piaget
C. Sigmund Freud D. John B. Watson
8. Which of the following would be an intrinsic reinforcement?
A. relief from pain
B. a trophy\
C. affection from family
D. both A & C
E. pride of discovery
9. A correlation cannot be used to determine whether
A. children who are friendly are also smart
B. honesty in school is related to honest at home
C. intelligence causes friendliness
D. honest children are also kind children
E. all of the above
10. In the 22 pairs of chromosomes called _____________, the members
of the pair look alike and contain exactly matching genetic loci.
A. autosomes
B. genotypes
C. sex chromosomes
D. gametes
11 In terms of gametes, the sex of a child is determined by the
A. mother
B. father
C. ovum
D. autosome
12. When two separate ova are fertilized at the same time, and each
implants in the uterus, the result is
A. Down syndrome
B. spontaneous abortion
C. dizygotic
D. identical twins
13. If an individual who does NOT carry the sickle-cell anemia gene
conceives children with an individual who DOES carry the sickle-cell gene
but does not, however, have sickle-cell anemia, which of the following
statements is accurate?
A. All of their children will have sickle-cell anemia
B. Half their children could have the disease and half could
be carriers of the disease
C. It is not possible for their grandchildren to have the disease
D. None of their children will have the disease, although some
could be carriers of the disease
14. The small mass of cells that implants itself on the wall of the
uterus about two weeks after conception is called a(n)
A. umbilical cord B.
placenta C.
blastocyst D.
autosome
15. A person’s phenotype
A. can only be observed through complex DNA analysis
B. is a product of the genotype and the environment
C. is always the same as the genotype
D. will always be the same as that of the parent of the same
sex
16. Which of the following disorders is the result of a mutation of
a specific gene rather than an improper number of chromosomes?
A. Down syndrome
B. Fragile-X syndrome
C. Klinefelter’s syndrome
D. Turner’s syndrome
17. The advantage of chorionic villus sampling (CVS) over amniocentesis
is that CVS
A. is better at diagnosing genetic diseases
B. reduces the risk of miscarriage
C. can be performed earlier in the pregnancy
D. reduces the risk of a low-birth-weight infant
18. Which statement about prenatal care and newborn health in the United
States is CORRECT?
A. over the past decades the infant mortality rate declined more
in blacks than in whites, so that the rate is now about the same for both
races
B. The black/white difference in infant mortality has existed
at least since record keeping began about 80 years ago and has not been
declining
C. The United States has the third lowest infant mortality rate
in the world
D. the infant mortality rate has been increasing steadily over
the past three decades
19. Researchers have found that the father’s presence during birth
A. is necessary for the development of a good father-child relationship
B. greatly enhances the father’s relationship with the child
in the first year after birth
C. may enhance the marital relationship but has no specific effect
on the parent-child relationship
D. is damaging to the marital relationship but enhances the father’s
relationship with the child
20. All babies below 2500 grams are described as
A. very low-birth-weight
B. preterm
C. low-birth-weight
D. small-for-date
21. Pete and Norma have a low-birth-weight baby and they are concerned
about future problems. It would be most realistic to tell them that
A. It is impossible to predict whether or not their child will
have problems
B. their child will suffer from learning disabilities
C. they should expect physical problems but no cognitive problems
D. only boys suffer negative affects of low-birth-weight
22. What would be the Apgar score for a newborn with the following:
solid heart-rate, good strong cry, good flexion, crying when feet are stimulated,
blue hands and feet?
A. O
B. 3
C. 6
D. 9
23. Which of the following is an example of habituation?
A. An infant is reinforced for smiling by the mother’s voice
B. An infant stops reacting to a clock’s chimes
C. A child fears the rain because he associates it with lightning
D. A child reacts strongly to new sounds
24. The disadvantages of bottle-feeding include the fact that bottle-feeding
A. cannot provide adequate social interactions between the mother
and child
B. provides too high a level of vitamins and minerals
C. does not provide important antibodies for the infant
D. leads mothers to be less sensitive and responsive to their
babies
25. Babies vary in the way they react to new things, in their typical
moods, in their rate of activity, in the regularity of their daily rhythms,
etc. These variations usually go by the name of
A. temperament
B. states of consciousness
C. gender differences
D. instincts
Keep this sheet - You may record your multiple-choice answers on it to compare with the answer key after the test.
Write answers to these questions in your blue-book.
KEY TERMS. Select 5. For each, supply a precise definition
including the context and a clear example (@ 3 points).
Negative Correlation
Punnett Square
Critical Period
Cohort Effect
Sex-Linked (X-linked)
Dependent Variable
Negative Reinforcement
Quasi-Experiment
SHORT ANSWER. Select and answer 2 (@ 5 points).
For each question below, which specific research design would be best
to use and why?
A) What is the order of
stages in psychosocial development?
B) Which age group shows
the least amount of conservation?
C) What effect does partial
reinforcement have on extinction?
Classify each of the following as Nurture or Nature and defend your
answer:
A) Jerome Kagan's Theory
B) G. Stanley Hall's Theory
C) FAS
Compare & contrast each pair by identifying one major similarity
and one major difference:
A) Vygotsky vs Erikson
B) Watson vs Skinner
C) Turner's Syndrome vs
Huntington's Chorea
1. B
2. A 3.
C 4. C
5. B 6.
D 7. B
8. E
9. C 10. A
11. B 12. C
13. D 14. C
15. B 16. B
17. C 18. B
19. C 20. C
21. A
22. D 23. B
24. C 25. A