SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
PSY 330 - Spring 2000
Test 5
Multiple Choice: Circle the letter corresponding to the single most correct answer (@ 1 point).
1. According to the authors, one nearly inevitable consequence
of being the target of relentless prejudice is
A. genocide
C. lower self-esteem
B. discrimination
D. rebellion
2. Recall that Philip Goldberg (1968) asked female college
students to rate articles written by either male or female authors.
Although the articles were identical, women evaluated the article written
by John McKay more positively than the article written by Joan
McKay. These findings suggest that women
A. tend to seek approval by competing
with members of their own gender
B. displace their frustration onto other
successful women
C. accept negative stereotype of women
as inferior to men
D. tend to dislike other women who violate
sex-role stereotypes
3. ___________ refers to a negative attitude toward a distinguishable
group of people, based solely on their group membership.
A. Discrimination
C. Racism
B. Stereotypes
D. Prejudice
4. Which of the following best exemplifies the concept "prejudice"
as used by social psychologists?
A. At parties Lynne tends to seek out
people who, like her, are psychology majors.
B. Kevin feels mistrustful of and uncomfortable
around people from the Middle East.
C. Maria seldom hangs out with people
who are not Catholic
D. Barbara believes that women are smarter
than men.
5. Which of the following examples best captures the social-psychological
concept of a stereotype?
A. Arlene refuses to enter an elevator
in which men are riding
B. Mitch believes that women are seductive,
duplicitous, and not to be trusted.
C. Aaron becomes uncomfortable when
a man sits too close to him
D. Nicole avoids homeless people on
the street.
6. Stereotypes are the ______________ component of a negative
attitude toward a group of people.
A. denotative
C. cognitive
B. behavioral
D. affective
7. "Female humans are more nurturant than males, because
throughout time, females who were poor nurturers did not successfully pass
on 'non-nurturant' genes." This assertion would have been made by
a(n) _____________ psychologist.
A. personality
C. evolutionary
B. comparative
D. cognitive
8. Recall that Janet Swim and Lawrence Sanna (1996) systematically
studied a series of 58 experiments conducted over the last 20 years.
These researchers found that when men succeed at a given task, participants
attribute his success to ________, whereas when women succeed at that same
task, participants attribute their success to
A. ability.....hard work
C. hard work.....good luck
B. skill.....good luck
D. hard work.....ability
9. By ____________, third-grade teacher Jane Elliot generated
negative stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination among elementary school
children.
A. providing a new criterion for categorization
B. generating competition for attention
C. reinforcing existing beliefs
D. contradicting existing beliefs
10. According to the authors of your text, it is primarily the
___________ aspect of prejudiced attitudes that make them relatively impervious
to rational or logical arguments.
A. esteem-enhancing
C. emotional
B. cognitive
D. motivational
11. You have seen few people with nose rings, and few car accidents
in your life. You happen to observe several car accidents involving
people with nose rings, and come to the conclusion that people with nose
rings drive badly. You have just created a(n)
A. illusory correlation
C. incidental inference
B. plausible judgment
D. artifactual connection
12. Recall that Muzafer Sherif and his colleagues (1961) created
conflict between two groups of boys in a summer camp. This field
study provided support for the ___________ theory of prejudice.
A. scapegoat
C. out-group disparagement
B. realistic conflict
D. ultimate attribution theory
13. What does the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (Holes &
Rahe, 1967) measure?
A. stress
C. mental health
B. life changes
D. social support
14. Recall that researchers often employ correlational designs
to assess the relation between stress and physical health (e.g., Holmes
& Rahe, 1967). One problem with this approach is that researchers
using this method
A. cannot make definitive causal statements.
B. rely solely on respondents' self-reports
C. do not often use representative samples
D. do not sample adequately from all
age groups
15. Based on Ellen Langer's and Judith Rodin's (1976) study of
perceived control in elderly nursing home residents, which of the following
residents is most likely to feel happier, be more active, and live longer?
A. Bess, who makes her own bed and has
a choice of a vegetarian meal
B. Aron, who has his own personal aide
to attend to his wishes
C. Catherine, who is often escorted
outside for walks
D. Jack, whose room is full of lush
plants
16. Bonita wants to get in good physical shape. She believes that
she can eliminate fats from her diet, jog three times a week, avoid temptations
when shopping for groceries, and distract herself when she gets a craving
for cheese cake. In this case, Bonita is likely to ____________ because
she is ______________.
A. fail....falling prey to an optimistic
bias
B. succeed.....high in self-efficacy
C. succeed.....low in learned helplessness
D. fail....making a global attribution
17. After the termination of a romantic relationship, Sari explains
the situation to a friend. and says, "I don't know what to do. It's
all my fault. I can't ever make people I love happy. I guess
no one could ever love me, and I'm destined to die alone. Sari's
attribution for the break-up is __________ _____________.
A. stable, and global
C. stable, and specific
B. pessimistic, and global
D. unstable, and pessimistic
18. Learned helplessness theory is most related to which of the following?
A. attribution theory
C. self-perception theory
B. cognitive dissonance theory
D. social comparison theory
19. Which of the following aspects of a Type A personality is most strongly
associated with vulnerability to heart disease?
A. competitiveness
C. impatience
B. hostility
D. control-orientation
20. One source of cultural differences in coronary disease is
A. an individualistic value in Western
cultures that encourages Type A behavior
B. the faster pace of life in Western
cultures that encourages Type B behavior
C. a collectivist value that discourages
self-help groups in Asian cultures
D. the greater density of urban areas
in Western cultures
21. ____________ proposes that we need social support only when we are
under stress.
A. Learned helplessness theory
C. The "Go-it-Alone" hypothesis
B. The Buffering hypothesis
D. The coping Style hypothesis
22. Recall that Alex Rothman (1993) studied how message framing
influences people's health-related behaviors. If you wanted to use
results of their experiment to encourage people to use sun screen to prevent
skin cancer, which of the following messages would you use?
A. An ounce of prevention is worth a
pound of cure
B. Skin cancer is one of the easiest
to prevent
C. Skin cancer is one of the biggest
killers of young people
D. More people die from skin cancer
than from heart attacks
23. When they think of a number of environmental problems, people don't
often think about social psychologists' potential contributions.
In fact, social psychologists provide a unique perspective: They
believe that
A. overpopulation is a decidedly social
problem
B. social behaviors destroy the environment,
and social causes call for social solutions
C. it is important to understand how
people construe their environments
D. noise, pollutants, and other noxious
environmental stimuli affect social behavior
24. Experimental research (e.g., Glass & Singer, 1972) has
shown that people who are exposed to noise that they cannot control often
have difficulties learning new tasks. Their decreased performance
seems to be the result of
A. phobic anxiety
C. hearing loss
B. learned helplessness
D. sensory overload
25. Research by social and environmental psychologists suggests
that in general, because noise in modern society is _______, it contributes
to stress, physical problems, and performance deficits in humans.
A. constant
C. inescapable
B. loud
D. harmful to hearing
26. Which of the following is most likely to be affected by people's
attributions?
A. crowding
C. density
B. decibel levels
D. sensory overload
27. Professor Martinez always throws paper and soft drink cans into
the garbage. Based on research related to water conservation, how
might he be encouraged to recycle?
A. Give him information about what can and
cannot be recycled
B. Have him lecture to his students about
recycling, then make him aware of his own behavior
C. Point out that it is in his own self-interest
to recycle
D. Put signs on recycling bins to make them
stand out
28. According to the authors, many homeowners do not take steps to change
their homes to make them more energy efficient because most
A. effective measures are to costly
B. homeowners do not feel that they can control
energy costs
C. effective measures are too complicated and time
consuming
D. sources of energy loss are not salient to homeowners
29. In what sense does the problem of littering represent a social dilemma?
A. Littering has increased steadily over the
last fifteen years.
B. Norms can be made salient to reduce littering
C. Each citizen may not litter a lot, but
it all adds up.
D. Litter pollutes water and endangers wildlife.
30. Nancy is listening to the radio while she drives. At the same
moment she hears a message from the "Keep America Beautiful" campaign,
she notices a fast-food bag on the side of the road. The difference
between what Nancy hears and sees reflects the difference between ____________
norms and ___________ norms.
A. descriptive.....objective
C. injunctive.....descriptive
B. descriptive.....injunctive
D. objective.....descriptive
***KEEP THIS SHEET - You may record your multiple-choice answers on it.***
KEY TERMS & NAMES. Select 5. For each term, supply a
precise definition, including the context, and a clear example. For
each name, supply the context and 2 other pieces of information on his/her
research (@ 3 points).
Implicit Association Test
Retrospective research
Sanism
F-Scale
Superordinate goals
Type C
Patricia Devine
John Dovidio
SHORT ANSWER. Select and answer 1 (@ 5 points).
1. Apply any 4 theories of prejudice to specific examples from the Jane Elliott video, using technical terms where appropriate.
2. Use 4 stress factors to analyze your experience of final exams. Then briefly discuss how final exams could be less stressful by changing 1 of those factors - which 1 and why?
3. Imagine you are a consultant for the Sheboygan Area School
District, and your job is to reduce prejudice against the Hmong students.
Discuss how you could use 4 different methods to achieve this goal, including
technical terms where appropriate.