SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
PSY 330 - Spring 2000
Test 4
Multiple Choice: Circle the letter corresponding to the single most correct answer (@ 1 point).
1. You are very dissatisfied with your current relationships and want
to develop new ones. One strategy is to take advantage of the propinquity
effect by
A. moving to a new situation or locale
B. improving your physical appearance
C. finding people whose personalities complement your own
D. spending more time with people who seem to like you
2. Beatriz is expressive, sociable, and warm. She is most likely
to prefer a friend or romantic partner who is
A. logical
C. emotional
B. independent
D. rational
3. According to the authors, the greatest amount of research supports
the notion of __________________ over the notion of _________________.
A. complementarity….similarity
C. similarity…..complementarity
B. propinquity…..similarity
D. mere exposure…..similarity
4. According to research discussed in y our text, when people recall
falling in love, what variables are recalled with most frequency?
A. similarity and propinquity
C. similarity and physical attractiveness
B. complementarity
D. reciprocal liking and physical attractiveness
5. Although Barbra’s relationship with James provides relatively few
rewards compared to the costs, Barbra has come to expect that most relationships
are difficult and costly. Thus, although Barbra holds a __________,
she is unlikely to abandon her relationship with James.
A. low comparison level
B. high comparison level
C. low comparison level for alternatives
D. high comparison level for alternatives
6. Partners who over-benefit in a relationship and partners who under-benefit
are likely to feel dissatisfied with their relationships because the social
norm of _________ is very powerful.
A. equity
C. social responsibility
B. equality
D. reciprocity
7. Cross-cultural research has revealed that _____________ is valued
more in individualistic cultures.
A. companionate love
C. fatuous love
B. commitment
D. passionate love
8. In her investment model of close relationships, what does Caryl Rusbult
(1983) categorize as an investment?
A. any monetary inputs into the relationship
B. any inputs into a relationship that would be lost if one left
that relationship
C. the psychological interest that accrues to people in relationships
D. the total costs of a relationship
9. Which of the following statements is true about communal versus exchange
relationships? In communal relationships, partners
A. are over-concerned about issues of equity
B. are more likely to redefine costs as rewards
C. assess equity over the long haul, rather than day-to-day
D. are more willing to distort reality in order to keep the relationship
alive
10. According to the evolutionary approach to love, if Juanita is looking
for a romantic partner, whom is she most likely to choose?
A. Harry Handsome
C. Wealthy Willie
B. Kindly Ken
D. Nice Ned
11. Julianna likes to contribute to worthy charities because she can
help others and, at the same time, get a tax deduction. Julianna
is engaging in
A. altruism
C. hypocrisy
B. self-interest
D. prosocial behavior
12. In trying to understand why Andie would help someone who lived close
to her, __________ would ask, “Was this person genetically related to Andie?”
A. a proponent of social exchange theory
B. an evolutionary psychologist
C. a reciprocity theorist
D. a self-esteem theorist
13. The idea that natural selection favors behaviors that help a genetic
relative is known as
A. kin selection
C. kinship bias
B. familial selection
D. familial reciprocity
14. __________ theory would be most likely to mention such factors as
social approval and increased self-worth as motivations for prosocial behavior.
A. external justification
C. norm activation
B. social exchange
D. empathy-altruism
15. Every morning at the bus stop, Carlos encounters an old woman begging
for change. She is clearly hungry and alone. Because Carlos
feels very bad for this woman and can “feel her pain,” he makes a point
of giving her some change each morning that he sees her. Which theoretical
approach best explains Carlos’s behavior?
A. social-exchange theory
C. empathy-altruism hypothesis
B. kin selection
D. norm of reciprocity
16. Alexis wants her son Bobby to grow up to be a prosocial adult.
Research on the overjustification effect suggest that Alexis should
A. reward Bobby with small gifts when he is especially helpful
to others
B. praise Bobby for being a “helpful person” when he is especially
helpful to others
C. pay Bobby for reading books to his little sister
D. tell Bobby that Santa Clause will not give him any gifts if
he does not share With his little sister.
17. When it comes to helping behavior
A. men are more helpful than women
B. women are more helpful than men
C. there is no difference between men and women
D. either gender might be more helpful, depending on the help
needed
18. Malika and Alicia are out shopping, when they are asked to contribute
to AIDS research. Malika has just received an A- on her psychology
exam; Alicia has just received a D. According to your text, who is
most likely to contribute?
A. Malika, because she’s in a good mood
B. Alicia, because she’s in a bad mood
C. Malika and Alicia are both likely to help, but for different
reasons
D. Neither Malika or Alicia are likely to help
19. Which of the following best describes the urban-overload hypothesis?
People who
A. live in cities feel out of touch with others, so use helping
as a way to “reach out.”
B. live in cities often feel overwhelmed, so simplify things
by keeping to themselves.
C. visit cities from rural areas feel overwhelmed, so avoid the
urban dwellers
D. visit cities from rural areas feel isolated, so use helping
as way to “reach out” to others.
20. Recall that John Darley (1973) conducted a study in which participants
were provided the opportunity to help when they were on their way to deliver
a brief speech on the Good Samaritan or on another topic. These researchers
found that ______________ because
A. seminary students were more likely to help a man slumped in
a doorway…they remembered the Golden Rule.
B. participants in a hurry were less likely to help….they didn’t
notice the man slumped in the doorway.
C. participants who scored higher on empathy were more likely
to help…they could take the suffering man’s perspective
D. participants who were to discuss the Good Samaritan were more
likely to help…the norm of charity was more accessible.
21. According to most social psychologists, aggression is defined as
A. the intention to cause harm to or pain in another
B. the infliction of harm or pain on another
C. the intention to relieve frustration by harming another
D. any action that results in physical or psychological pain
in another
22. ______________ aggression is an act at the service of a goal that
does not involve the infliction of pain.
A. misplaced
C. instrumental
B. hostile
D. oblique
23. Whenever Jeff becomes angry, he suppresses his emotions.
He continues to hold in these feelings, and they build up until one day
he explodes and punches his hand through a wall. Jeff’s behavior
is an illustration of
A. the hydraulic theory
C. social learning theory
B. instrumental aggression
D. Eros
24. A(n) ____________ would be most optimistic about the possibility
of reducing human aggression?
A. evolutionary psychologist
C. sociobiologist
B. Freudian psychologist
D. social psychologist
25. Well controlled laboratory experiments and field studies (e.g.,
McDonald, Zanna, & Fong, 1966) have revealed that alcohol consumption
contributes to aggression by
A. affecting the amygdala at the core of the brain
B. reducing social inhibitions and restraints
C. increasing hostility
D. decreasing frustration tolerance
26. Opponents of the death penalty for certain violent crimes might
use social psychological data to argue that one reason why the threat of
capital punishment doesn’t serve as an effective deterrent to violence
is that
A. the odds are low that a violent criminal will be swiftly apprehended,
tried, and convicted
B. the threat of death by lethal injection is not severe enough
to deter violent criminals
C. many capital cases are plea-bargained to save the states money
D. the vast majority of violent crimes are crimes of passion
27. Little Neil is frustrated and is threatening to throttle his baby
sister. His mother intervenes, and suggests that Neil “get over it”
by taking a dozen eggs and smashing them against the tree in the front
yard. Neil’s mother appears to be a proponent of _____________ as
a means of reducing aggression.
A. displacement
C. projection
B. catharsis
D. frustration-aggression theory
28. You woke up late and are far behind at work. When you reach
the end of your rope, you treat your secretary with hostility and disrespect.
This mistreatment causes you to experience dissonance, which you are most
likely to reduce by
A. apologizing to the secretary and bringing him back flowers
from your lunch break
B. thinking about all the irresponsible or inept things he’s
ever done
C. revising your self concept, resigning yourself to acting capriciously
mean
D. engaging in self-verfication by “confessing” your bad behavior
to a colleague
29. You’ve arrived half an hour late to pick up a friend. She
was scheduled to take an examination and even if you speed on the way to
the university, she will now lose at least 20 minutes of the time she needs
to complete the exam. According to the authors, what is the best
thing to say when you arrive?
A. “It’s all my fault. I overslept. I’m really sorry.”
B. “I brought you some coffee and donuts to make it up to you.”
C. “It’s only one exam, and you’re doing well in that course
so far, aren’t you?”
D. “Don’t tell me that you’ve never overslept.”
30. ___________________ is to aggression as ________________
is to cooperation.
A. cognitive dissonance….empathy
B. dehumanization…..empathy
C. rewards…..punishment
D. self-justification…..self-affirmation
KEEP THIS SHEET - You may record your multiple-choice answers on it.
Write answers to these questions in your blue-book.
KEY TERMS & NAMES. Select 5. For each term, supply a
precise definition including the context and a clear example. For
each name, supply the context and any 2 other pieces of information about
their research. (@ 3 points)
CL Alternatives
Pluralistic Ignorance
XYY
Relational Dialectics
Schachter's 2-Factor Theory
Triangular Theory
Negative State Relief
Gain-Loss Theory
ESSAY. Select and answer 1 (@ 5 points).
1. Identify 3 factors involved in interpersonal attraction and briefly describe each. Then relate each factor to one specific theory of loving, discussing how that factor fits into that specific theory.
2. Pick 2 of the 3 topics covered in this section ( = Attraction,
Prosocial, Aggression). Then compare & contrast those 2 by identifying
3 major similarities & 2 major differences, including technical terms
where appropriate.
EXTRA CREDIT (@ 5 points)
Select any 5 facts about sexual assault presented by Jessie Roundtree.
Briefly discuss how each fact relates to what we have covered (text and/or
lecture) on aggression.