SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
PSY 330 - Fall 2003
Test 3

Multiple Choice:  Circle the letter corresponding to the single most correct answer (@ 1 point).

[NOTE: Answers to the multiple choice questions can be found at the end of this test.]

1.     The _____________ component of attitudes is to emotional reactions as the _____________ component is to knowledge and beliefs.

        A.      evaluative; behavioral                          C.    evaluative; cognitive

        B.       affective; behavioral                            D.    affective; cognitive

2.     Claude had an unpleasant experience during his last visit to Dallas, Texas.  He was approached by two men with strong Texas accents who wielded a sharp knife, roughed him up, cracked a rib, and stole all his money.  Ever since Claude was mugged, he has taken an instant dislike to anyone who speaks with a Texas twang.  Claude's negative attitude toward Texas accents is most probably a result of                             

        A.      instrumental conditioning                     C.    classical conditioning

        B.       attitude accessibility                            D.    cognitive dissonance reduction

3.     Which of the following is most closely related to the notion of behaviorally based attitudes?

        A.      self-persuasion theory                         C.    the Yale Attitude Change approach

        B.       self-perception theory                         D.    the elaboration likelihood model

4.     The strength of the association between an object and a person's evaluation of the object that can be measured by speed of responding is referred to as

        A.      attitude strength                                  C.    attitude accessibility

        B.       evaluative strength                               D.    resistance to persuasion

5.     Persuasion from the perspective of "who says what to whom" is best associated with the

        A.      elaboration likelihood model

        B.       heuristic-systematic model of persuasion

        C.      use of the central route to persuasion

        D.      Yale attitude change approach

6.     Counterattitudinal advocacy results in attitude change when

        A.      there is minimal external justification for the statement

        B.       there is minimal internal justification for the statement

        C.      the attitude is accessible

        D.      the attitude is initially very strong

7.     Public service ads often try to raise fear in an audience to induce people to change unhealthy behaviors.  If fear appeals are used, it is crucial to provide the audience with _____________to increase the likelihood of behavior change. 

        A.      as much fear-evoking information as possible

        B.       specific recommendations for how to reduce the unhealthy

        C.      statistics about the number of people who will die from performing the behaviors

        D.      specific information about the consequences of continuing the unhealthy behavior

8.     You are more likely to be influenced by the central route when you are

        A.      preoccupied with other matters

        B.       willing and able to give your full attention to the message

        C.      impressed with the speaker's good looks

        D.      impressed with the speaker's credentials

9.     Although controlled laboratory studies have shown that, under highly controlled conditions, subliminal stimuli can affect people's ____________, they do not show that such stimuli affect ____________________.

        A.      behavior; personally relevant attitudes

        B.       beliefs about product attributes; purchasing patterns against people's wishes

        C.      purchasing patterns; beliefs about products

        D.      emotions about unfamiliar stimuli; behavior against people's wishes

10.   In social psychology, the change in behavior resulting from the real or imagined presence of others is known as

        A.      conformity                                          C.    interdependence

        B.       obedience                                           D.    cooperation

11.   When we conform to others' behaviors or attitudes because we believe that their interpretations of an ambiguous situation are more accurate than ours, _____________ has occurred.

        A.      educated conformity                           C.    unintended social influence

        B.       normative social influence                    D.    informational social influence

12.   Which of the following phenomena is most likely to result in private acceptance of an idea or behavior?

        A.      normative social influence                    C.    informational social influence

        B.       contagion                                            D.    mass psychogenic illness

13.   People are most susceptible to informational social influence when

        A.      they want to be liked by the group

        B.       there is a charismatic leader

        C.      they have no allies in the group

        D.      the situation is ambiguous

14.   Going along with the crowd (e.g., swallowing goldfish, smoking pot, train-surfing) because of a fear of social censure is an example of

        A.      normative social influence                    C.    social impact

        B.       informational social influence               D.    social dominance

15.   What is the take-home message of Solomon Asch's (1951, 1956, 1957) series of experiments in which participants were asked to judge the lengths of lines?  People will go to great lengths

        A.      to please people who are experts

        B.       not to look like fools in front of others

        C.      to assert their independence

        D.      to convince others of their points of view

16.   Public safety officials want to increase the use of seat belts among drivers, and have decided to show a television ad documenting the rising use of seat belts among drivers.  This represents the use of _____________ norms to change safety behaviors

        A.      descriptive                                          C.    conjunctive

        B.       injunctive                                            D.    proscriptive

17.   Assume that you are canvassing a neighborhood to collect donations to the Nuke a Whale Fund.  You would be using the door-in-the-face technique if you first __________ and then _________

        A.      said "every penny counts";  asked for $10

        B.       asked for $500;   asked for $10

        C.      described the fund;   asked for a donation

        D.      complimented the potential donor;    asked for a small donation

18.   The definition of a group provided in your text includes all of the following except

        A.      includes two or more members

        B.       members are physically in the same place at the same time

        C.      members interact with each other

        D.      members are interdependent

19.   How do norms differ from roles?  Norms _________, whereas roles __________

        A.      are specific;    are general

        B.       apply to all group members;       apply to specific group members

        C.      are expectations;    are requirements

        D.      apply to large groups;    apply to small groups

20.   Dozens of social psychological experiments on the topic of social facilitation have employed everything from people to birds, ants, and cockroaches.  One consistent finding has emerged from these many studies:

        A.      Simple tasks are unaffected by the presence of others, but complex tasks are

        B.       The presence of others enhances performance on simple tasks

        C.      the presence of others is distracting from the easy task

        D.      difficult tasks are more arousing than simple tasks

21.   The resident assistant of a campus residence hall notices that when a team of five students is assigned to bathroom duty, the bathrooms are not as well cleaned as when only one student is assigned to clean them.  What phenomenon does this example illustrate?

        A.      a minimal group paradigm                   C.    social inhibition

        B.       social loafing                                       D.    social facilitation

22.   All things being equal, ____________ from __________ cultures would be most likely to engage in social loafing

        A.      women; Western                                C.    women; Asian

        B.       men, Western                                     D.    men; Asian

23.   Consider the following destructive acts:  Soccer fans bludgeoning one another, fans at rock concerts trampling one another to death to secure good seats, Klansmen lynching African-Americans.  All of these are examples of the dangerous effects of

        A.      hysterical contagion                             C.    anti-social anonymity

        B.       anti-social contagion                           D.    deindividuation

24.   Fred Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership assumed that there are two kinds of leaders:  _______________ and ___________ leaders

        A.      future-oriented; present oriented                      C.   task-oriented; relationship-oriented

        B.       orthodox; unorthodox                                     D.   democratic-oriented; autocratic-oriented

25.   Which of the following provides the best example of a common dilemma?

        A.      conserving water during a drought

        B.       donating blood at a local hospital

        C.      avoiding the use of threats during an argument

        D.      negotiating to prevent a labor strike    

***KEEP THIS SHEET - you may record your multiple-choice answers on it to compare with the Answer Key after the test AND you will need these questions to prepare for the final exam.

Write answers to these questions in your blue-book.

KEY TERMS & NAMES.  Select 5.  For each term, supply a precise definition including the context and a clear example.  For each name, supply the context and 2 more facts about that person's research (@ 3 points).

                Groupthink                                            Yerkes-Dodson Law

                Sociogram                                             Reactance Theory

                Reciprocity Norm                                  Elaboration Likelihood Model

                Pluralistic Ignorance                               Theory of Planned Behavior

SHORT ANSWER.  Select and answer 2 (@ 6 points).

1.  Identify any 5 specific YACA factors and briefly explain how you could apply each to improving the sales of product X .

2.  Compare & contrast each pair by identifying one major similarity and one major difference:

                    A) Eisenberger vs Zimbardo

                    B) LaPiere vs Triplett

                    C) Likert Scale vs Unobtrusive Measures

3.  Discuss how each of these concepts could be applied to Milgram's experiment:

                    A) Idiosyncrasy Credits

                    B) Social Impact Theory

                    C) Informational Social

ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

  1.  D          2.  C          3.  B          4.  C          5.  D          6.  A          7.  B
  8.  B          9.  D        10.  A        11.  D        12.  C        13.  D        14.  A
15.  B        16.  A        17.  B        18.  B        19.  B        20.  B        21.  B
22.  B        23.  D        24.  C        25.  A