8. D 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. A
15. A 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. C 21. B
22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
PSY 330 - Fall 2003
Test 1
Multiple Choice: Circle the letter corresponding to the single most correct answer (@ 1 point).
[NOTE: Answers to the multiple choice questions can be found at the end of this test.]
1. Karen returns home from her first year of college, and is very proud of her first-year GPA. She earned a c.0 ("B") average. She's unhappily surprised to discover that her parents are disappointed that she didn't perform better. This situation best represents the power of ________________________ in explaining social behavior.
A. interpersonal conflict C. achievement motivation
B. construals D. socialization
2. Social psychologists are most like _______________ when they test their hunches about social behavior.
A. philosophers C. physicists
B. the general public D. journalists
3. A social psychologist is perplexed. Is it true that birds of a feather flock together, or do opposites attract? Confronted with these two contradictory pieces of fold wisdom, what is this social psychologist most likely to do?
A. administer a questionnaire to see if some types of people fit into one category, while other types fit into the other category
B. Choose a new topic for study
C. Choose the explanation that makes more sense
D. Investigate the different situations in which each bit of common sense holds true.
4. Both social psychologists and sociologists are interested in aggression. Compared to sociologists, which of the following questions is a social psychologist most likely to ask?
A. what is the effect of hand gun laws on homicide rates in different states?
B. when does frustration lead to aggression?
C. are homicide rates higher among members of the lower class?
D. do prisons deter homicide?
5. Compared to social psychologists, personality psychologists are more likely to focus their attention on
A. subjective construals C. individual differences
B. positive behaviors D. ideas from philosophy
6. Suzanna and April were playing in the den when April's mother entered the room and scolded them for making a mess. Suzanna decided then and there that April's mother was a grouch. Suzanna's inference is an example of
A. the fundamental attribution error C. social cognition
B. self-justification D. a self-fulfilling prophecy
7. Professor Kingsley believes that children learn to be polite when they are rewarded for saying things like "Please" and "Thank you." Professor Kingsley is most likely a _____________ psychologist.
A. Gestault C. behavioral
B. personality D. cognitive
8. Marta left a party feeling very upset. Rather than trying to recall each conversation she had during the party, Marta tried to explain her feelings by reflecting on the party as a whole. The process Marta used resembles the approach used by _______________ psychologists.
A. behavioral C. personality
B. social D. Gestalt
9. Social psychologists have identified two motives that are of primary importance in explaining our thoughts and behaviors. These are the need to __________ and the need to ______________
A. enhance our power; be as accurate as possible
B. be as accurate as possible; feel good about ourselves
C. feel good about ourselves; belong
D. be as accurate as possible; maintain social control
10. You're heard that members of a certain fraternity or sorority are snobs. Whenever you see members of that fraternity or sorority, you look down and hurry past them. When they don't greet you, you say to yourself, "just like I thought—they're all arrogant snobs. You have experienced a phenomenon known as
A. self-esteem enhancement C. the self-fulfilling prophecy
B. irrational disparagement D. the motivated attribution error
11. The first stage in doing research is usually
A. to manipulate the independent variable
B. to make observations about the phenomenon of interest
C. to develop a coding form for the data
D. to formulate a hypothesis
12. A researcher wants to see if there is a relationship between a person's birth order and their leadership ability. The best method for answering this question would be
A. experimental C. naturalistic observation
B. correlational D. archival analysis
13. A researcher hired by a department store wants to examine whether manipulating the room temperature to be hotter as opposed to cooler affects sales of air conditioners. The best method for answering this question would be
A. experimental C. naturalistic observation
B. correlational D. archival analysis
14. A goal of ethnography that makes it difficult from other methods of testing theories is that in ethnography, the researcher
A. tries to understand the group or culture without imposing his or her own ideas on it
B. focuses on interjudge reliability
C. relies on the accumulated documents of a culture as a technique for understanding
D. focuses on assessing behaviors that occur more often in private than in public
15. Which of the following is the best example of participant observation? A researcher
A. gets a job as a used-car salesman to learn about sales techniques
B. uses automobile insurance records to record how drivers explain their accidents
C. videotapes the kinds of complaints that shoppers make at a customer service desk
D. is rude to some people in line at a movie theater and polite to others, and observes how they react
16. A researcher is interested in the changing nature of sex roles in contemporary society. If she were to employ an archival analysis, what would she be most likely to do?
A. record how boys and girls are portrayed in children's books
B. observe both men and women in "non-tradition" occupations
C. interview both male and female doctors to determine how they are treated by colleagues
D. participate in the daily activities of a family in which the women works and the man stays home
17. Mundane realism is to ________________ as psychological realism is to _________________
A. internal validity; external validity C. real-life situations; real-life processes
B. external validity; internal validity D. real-life processes; real-life situations
18. The chapter's opening vignette refers to the Amadou Diallo case, in which four police officers shot Diallo, and African immigrant, 41 times when he tried to pull out his wallet. This story is used to illustrate the point that
A. white police officers are inevitably prejudiced against blacks
B. racial profiling is harmful to the criminal justice system
C. errors can result when people only have time to rely on automatic processing
D. there are racial differences in the reliance on automatic and controlled processing
19. Which of the following is NOT a typical example of the kind of knowledge that is contained in a schema?
A. the typical character traits and behaviors of lawyers
B. the first date when you spilled red punch all over your partner
C. that fairy tales begin, "Once upon a time...."
D. that it is common to leave a 15% tip when dining at an eat-in restaurant
20. Why do we use schemas?
A. humans are born with schemas
B. schemas are taught to us in our early childhood
C. without schemas, the world would seem inexplicable and confusing
D. schemas enable us to interpret the world accurately
21.We are most likely to rely on schemas when the situation we confront is
A. arousing C. confusing
B. ambiguous D. forgettable
22. According to the perspective presented in Chapter 3 (Social Cognition), a person who grew up in a home with an alcoholic parent who sees a man acting in a somewhat strange manner may be _________________ likely to interpret this behavior as due to alcohol because of ___________.
A. more; chronic accessibility of an alcoholic schema
B. more; ego-defensive biases
C. less; chronic accessibility of an alcoholic schema
D. less; ego-defensive biases
23. Which of the following is false about people's use of schemas?
A. schemas are often very useful and it would be hard to get by without them
B. schemas can distort what people see and remember
C. a schemas can persist even after people receive good evidence that it is wrong
D. schemas are an example of controlled thinking
24. Most people, when asked, guess that more people die from grisly accidents than from strokes. This is probably due to the greater number of accidental deaths reported in the media, and thus, due to
A. the representativeness heuristic C. the availability heuristic
B. the base rate fallacy D. counter factual thinking
25. If you were to form your impression of all professors based only on your experiences with psychology professors, you would have fallen prey to
A. biased samplings C. self-fulfilling prophecy
B. the anchoring and adjustment heuristic D. the illusory correlation
***KEEP THIS SHEET - you may record your multiple-choice answers on it to compare with the Answer Key after the test AND you will need these questions to prepare for the final exam.
Write answers to these questions in your blue-book.
KEY TERMS & NAMES. Select 5. For each term, supply a
precise definition including the context and a clear example. For
each name, supply the context and 2 more facts about that
person's research. (@ 3 points)
3 x 3 Factorial Halo Effect
Patricia Devine Script
Within Subjects Design Harold Kelley
p < .10 External Validity
SHORT ANSWER. Select and answer 2 (@ 6 points).
1. For each hypothesis below, which specific research design would be most appropriate and why? Then briefly explain how that study would be done.
A) What percentage of an audience chats during a ballet performance?
B) Is there a relationship between conformity and intelligence?
C) Does the number of bystanders influence helping behavior?
2. Compare & contrast each pair by identifying one major similarity and one major difference:
A) Festinger vs Middlemist
B) Informed Consent vs Privacy
C) Counterfactual Thinking vs Belief Perseverance
3. Identify 3 other areas of psychology and compare & contrast each
with Social Psychology.
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1. B 2.
C 3. D
4. B 5. C
6. A 7. C
8. D 9.
B 10. C
11. D 12. B
13. A 14. A
15. A 16. A
17. C 18. C
19. B 20. C
21. B
22. A 23. D
24. C 25. A