EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
EDU 330 - Spring 2003
Test 2

Multiple Choice:  Circle the letter corresponding to the single most correct answer (@ 1 point).

[NOTE: Answers to the multiple choice questions can be found at the end of this test.]

1.     The major difference between a disability and a handicap is that a disability is an inability to do something specific, such as being unable to hear or to walk, while a  handicap

        A.        has both advantages and disadvantages

        B.         is a disadvantage in certain situations

        C.        is a disadvantage in all situations

        D.        Throughout history there has been general agreement about its meaning

        E.         all of the above are true

2.     A deviation IQ score indicates

        A.        how a person compares with others in his/her age group

        B.         how close mental age is to chronological age

        C.        the degree of how well mental age is related to a particular cognitive level

        D.        the difference between scores on group and individual IQ tests

3.     Practical/Contextual intelligence is most closely related to:

        A.        tacit intelligence                                     C.          the g-factor

        B.         the Joplin plan                                       D.          automaticity

4.     Approximately what percent of the general population scores over 100 on a standardized IQ test?

        A.        20                                                        C.          70

        B.         50                                                        D.          80

5.     What is the typical correlation between deviation IQ scores from an individual intelligence test and school achievement for the general population of school-age student?

        A.        about zero                                            C.          moderately negative

        B.         moderately positive                               D.          perfect positive

6.     Most psychologists today believe that intelligence is influenced

        A.        about equally by heredity and environment

        B.         about 25% by heredity and 75% by environment

        C.        about 75% by heredity and 25% by environment

        D.        minimally by both heredity and environment

7.     John is given Torrence's graphic creativity test.  When evaluating the results, the assessor noted that each of the 30 circles is filled in with similar faces.  This student appears to be lacking in

        A.        flexibility                                               C.          insight

        B.         fluency                                                  D.          originality

8.     An implication of the regular education initiative is that

        A.        more special education teachers will need to be trained for these classrooms

        B.         special education classrooms will require additional resources

        C.        teachers will need to be more knowledgeable about teaching handicapped children

        D.        ten to twenty percent increases in student to teacher ratios in regular classes are necessary

9.     An Individualized Education Plan must include all of the following EXCEPT a

        A.        description of the student's participation in the regular school program

        B.         detailed description of the socio-economic background of the student

        C.        listing of short-term and long-term educational goals

        D.        specific description of how the student will be evaluated

10.   Almost every definition of mental retardation includes the idea that individuals with mental retardation

        A.        are functionally immature

        B.         cannot adapt adequately to their environment

        C.        have deviation IQ scores below 75

        D.        have limited verbal abilities

11.   The cultural-deficit model suggests that immigrant students

        A.        achieve higher than American students because of their greater motivation

        B.         are just as prepared for school as students who are born in this country

        C.        come from an inferior culture that leaves them at a disadvantage

        D.        deserve special treatment given the obstacles they have overcome

12.   Which of the following variables is the MOST strongly related to cultural differences between individuals?

        A.        ethnicity                                                C.          IQ level

        B.         Gender                                                 D.          social class

13.   Which one of the following statements about tracking practices is NOT accurate?

        A.        creating heterogeneous groups can be an effective educational orientation for a school

        B.         creating homogeneous groups provides for effective learning and socialization of low-income students

        C.        low-ability and high-ability classes determine the orientation of future success in the school

        D.        low-ability and high-ability students can be separated both between and within classrooms

14.   Researchers generally believe that differences between ethnic groups in cognitive abilities occur primarily as a result of

        A.        biases inherent in most standardized tests

        B.         different experiences in and out of school

        C.        different levels of motivation among the groups

        D.        natural abilities of the various groups

15.   Studies of educational discrimination against minority ethnic groups today show that

        A.        African-American and Hispanic students are now entering science fields at close to the same rate as white students

        B.         discrimination on the basis of minority and ethnicity has virtually been eliminated

        C.        Hispanic and Asian students lose out on opportunities to enter science careers due to lack of interest

        D.        there are still fewer opportunities for minority students to enter top-level professions

16.   One way of inoculating students against stereotype threats is to

        A.        be assertive about defining success as "uncool."

        B.         believe that intelligence can be improved

        C.        disidentify from success in academics

        D.        psychologically disengage from success in academics

17.   Research on bilingualism suggests that the

        A.        learning a second language interferes with use of the first language

        B.         more skilled the individual is in the first language, the faster he/she will learn a second language

        C.        more skilled the individual is in the first language, the slower he/she will learn a second language

        D.        both A 7 C

18.   Behavioral theories of learning emphasize

        A.        development                                         C.          observable actions

        B.         nature over nurture                                D.          thinking

19.   Which of the following is a practical implication of contiguity theory?

        A.        avoid the use of punishment whenever humanly possible

        B.         make sure that the last response to a stimulus is the correct response

        C.        use continuous reinforcement rather than intermittent reinforcement

        D.        use intermittent reinforcement instead of continuous reinforcement

20.   During music class, Lisa enthusiastically sings aloud with her class, but the teacher comments, "Lisa, please...you sound like an owl in a torture chamber."  Lisa turns bright red.  The next week she feels ill when it is time to go to music class again.  Feeling anxiety at the prospect of going to music class is an example of

        A.        an unconditioned stimulus                      C.          cognitive learning

        B.         classical conditioning                             D.          social learning

21.   In the above example involving Lisa, feeling ill at the prospect of going to the must class served as the

        A.        conditioned response                            C.          unconditioned response

        B.         conditioned stimulus                              D.          unconditioned stimulus

22.   Sam and Bones run to the food dish whenever they hear the electric can opener.  One day they hear an electric drill and run to their food dish.  Their response is due to

        A.        discrimination                                        C.          extinction

        B.         drill and practice                                   D.          generalization

23.   B. F. Skinner is to _______________, as Ivan Pavlov is to ____________________.

        A.        classical conditioning; cognitive learning

        B.         classical conditioning; operant conditioning

        C.        cognitive learning; classical conditioning

        D.        operant conditioning; classical conditioning

24.   Bart uses an old cigarette lighter that has become unreliable.  It usually takes from one to 10 flicks to make it work.  When the lighter is out of fluid, it will not work at all.  But the time Bart figures out the problems, he has tried flicking it 15 to 20 times.  This situation illustrates the principle that

        A.        fixed reinforcement schedules will produce the fastest performance

        B.         intermittent reinforcement schedules will aid prior learning

        C.        interval reinforcement schedules will produce the fastest performance

        D.        variable reinforcement schedules will produce the greatest persistence

25.   Which one of the following statements is an example of cueing?

        A.        "Please remember to put your name on each page."

        B.         "Today's lesson was much too noisy."

        C.        "Why didn't you remember to do your homework?"

        D.        "Why didn't you clean up before you left?"

***KEEP THIS SHEET - you may record your multiple-choice answers on it to compare with the Answer Key after the test.  You will need these questions to prepare for the Final.

Write answers to these questions in your blue-book.
 

KEY TERMS & NAMES.  Select 5.  For each term, supply a precise definition including the context and a clear example.  For each name, supply the context and 2 other pieces of information.  (@ 3 points)
                    Premack Principle                                    Higher-Order Conditioning

                    Pygmalion Effect                                      Resistance Culture

                    Variable-Interval Schedule                       Androgyny

                    Divergent Thinking                                   Learning Style
 

SHORT ANSWER.  Select and answer 2 (@ 6 points).

1.  Compare & contrast each pair by identifying one major similarity and one major difference:
                 A) Sternberg vs Gardner

                 B) Field Dependence vs Field Independence

                 C) Negative Reinforcement vs Satiation

2.  List 4 reasons that Garcia (and others) use to explain the relationship between SES and grades.  Which of those 4 would be easiest for schools to correct and how?  Which of those 4 would be the most difficult for schools to correct and why?

3.  Compare & contrast each pair by identifying one major similarity and one major difference:
                 A) DR0 vs Shaping

                 B) Elliot vs Bem

                 C) Mednick's RAT vs Unusual Uses Test

ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

  1.  B          2.  A          3.  A          4.  B          5.  B          6.  A          7.  A
  8.  C          9.  B        10.  B        11.  C        12.  D        13.  B        14.  B
15.  D        16.  B        17.  B        18.  C        19.  B        20.  B        21.  A
22.  D        23.  D        24.  D        25.  A