EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
EDU 330 - Spring 2002
Test 2
Multiple Choice: Circle the letter corresponding to the single most correct answer (@ 1 point).
[NOTE: Answers to the multiple choice questions can be found at the end of this test.]
1.
Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about intelligence?
A. It
is generally regarded today to be a poor predictor of academic achievement
B. It
is theorized to be a collection of abilities by many psychologists
C. The
first formal intelligence testing was conducted by Skinner
D.
Throughout history there has been general agreement about its meaning
E. all
of the above are true
2.
A ten-year-old is found to have a mental age of 7 on Binet’s original
IQ test. What is the estimate of
the child’s intelligence quotient?
A. 30
C.
140
B. 70
D.
170
3.
Compared to individual ability tests, a major limitation of group ability
tests is that group tests
A. are
more expensive to administer and difficult to interpret than individual ability
tests
B. are
less likely to produce an accurate picture of a person’s abilities
C.
provide a measure of general, but not specific, abilities
D.
take much more time on the part of the teacher to administer and
interpret
4.
Knowledge that is more likely to be learned through everyday life –
“knowing how”, than through formal schooling is:
A.
Tacit knowledge
C. Joplin
knowledge
B.
Deviation IQ
D. Convergent IQ
E.
any/all of the above
5.
At Meadow Lane Elementary School, there are four fifth-grade classes
specifically arranged so that one contains high achievers only, one contains low
achievers only, and two contain mid-range achievers.
Based on research results, this type of orientation is most likely to be
A.
effective for high-achievers and low-achievers
B.
ineffective for high-achievers
C.
ineffective for low-achievers
D.
neither better nor worse than conventional, mixed-ability groups
6.
Joshua is working on a title and outline for his English paper.
His teacher had indicated that creativity is important.
Joshua is trying hard to generate the widest variety and greatest number
of ideas he can. What type of
thinking is Joshua engaged in?
A.
Analytic
C.
Divergent
B.
convergent
D.
fluency
7.
Recent research has indicated that acceleration of students who are
gifted
A. has
been unnecessarily discouraged in the past
B. is
related to lower achievement
C.
results in poor social and emotional adjustment
D.
robs students of the companionship of their age group
8.
Compared to field-dependent learners, field-independent learners are
likely to
A. be
less successful students
B.
have more problems with academic pursuits
C.
perceive separate parts of a given pattern
D. see
a pattern as a given entity or as a “whole.”
9.
Which one of the following is NOT a defining attribute of a specific
learning disability?
A. A
student experiences a dysfunction of one or more basic learning processes
B. A
student achieved a very low deviation IQ score on a standardized ability test
C. Physical
handicaps have been ruled out as causative agents after a careful medical
examination
D.
There is a significant difference between learning potential and actual
achievement
10.
Which one of the following students is most likely to succeed
academically?
A.
Jack, a Native American who lives in a middle-class suburban house
B. Jill,
a Caucasian who lives in an urban government housing project
C.
Susie, an Hispanic-American who lives in an elite community in Beverly
Hills
D.
Thomas, a Puerto Rican who lives in a middle-class suburban apartment
building
11.
Which one of the following students BEST illustrates the concept of
learned helplessness as an explanation for failure by low socioeconomic status
children?
A. Triana
seeks help from her older sister in completing practically all of her homework
assignments
B. Michael
decides that he has no chance of passing the seventh grade or getting out of
school
C.
Brook never volunteers an answer, but hopes that the teacher will call on
her
D.
Josh will only compete against smaller children while playing sports
after school
12.
Which one of the following statements about tracking practices is NOT
accurate?
A. Creating
heterogeneous groups can be an effective educational orientation for a school
B. Creating
homogeneous groups provides for effective learning and socialization of
low-income students
C. Low-ability
and high-ability classes determine the orientation of future success in the
school
D. Low-ability
and high-ability students can be separated both between and within classrooms
13.
A social psychological predicament that is rooted in the prevailing
American image of African Americans as cognitively inferior is a(an)
A.
authoritarian personality
C.
persisting prejudice
B.
continuing discrimination
D.
stereotype threat
14.
People with an androgynous gender-role identity are characterized as
having
A.
higher self-esteem than people with a feminine identity
B.
lower self-esteem than people with a feminine identity
C.
lower self-esteem than people with a masculine identity
D.
more of a masculine identity than a feminine identity
15.
In applying our knowledge of the differences in mathematical abilities
between boys and girls, we should remember that
A.
boys have superior mathematical skills compared to girls
B.
boys’ skills are limited by their general cognitive abilities
C.
differences are based on averages, not on individual students
D. girls
tend to excel in math story problems compared to boys
16.
Research on bilingualism suggests that the
A.
learning a second language interferes with use of the first language
B. more
skilled the individual is in the first language, the faster he/she will learn a
second language
C. more
skilled the individual is in the first language, the slower he/she will learn a
second language
D. both
A & C
17.
Participation structures in a classroom would generally dictate
A.
grading policies, including alternative assessments as well as
paper-pencil tests
B. the
student-teacher ratio in classrooms as well as extra-curricular activities
C.
when it is appropriate to talk to another student as well as to respond
to the teacher
D.
whether the primary teaching method is lecture-recitation or discussion
18.
Strict behaviorists, such as J.B. Watson and B. f. Skinner, would most
likely say that cognitive theorists
A. are
too mechanical in their approach
B. are
unable to account for complex mental tasks
C. fail
to account for internal processes
D.
speculate about invisible and unprovable concepts
19.
Following classical conditioning, an extinction procedure would be
initiated by presenting over repeated trials
A. an
unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus
B. a
new and neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus
C. the
conditioned stimulus by itself
D. the
unconditioned stimulus by itself
E.
none of the above because extinction occur only due to the passage of
time
20.
Marnie was scratched by a black cat when she was very young.
Now she hates black horses, black dogs, and black cars.
This behavior demonstrates
A.
discrimination
C.
generalization
B.
extinction
D.
negative reinforcement
21.
Operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning by
A.
dealing primarily with reflexive types of responses
B.
focusing on animal behavior to a much greater extent than on human
behavior
C.
focusing on the consequences of voluntary behavior
D.
treating learners as passive rather than active agents
22.
The essential difference between negative reinforcement and punishment is
that
A.
negative reinforcement decreases misbehavior rather quickly
B.
punishment decreases the behavior while negative reinforcement increase
it
C.
punishment is more effective in bringing about a positive change in
behavior
D.
punishment is presented after, and reinforcement before, the behavior has
occurred
23.
What schedule of reinforcement is most likely to be involved when
teaching give “pop” quizzes?
A.
fixed-interval
C.
variable-interval
B.
fixed-ratio
D.
variable-ratio
24.
Wendy, a fifth-grade child, just loves to throw paper airplanes during
class. To change Wendy’s
behavior, the teacher insisted that Wendy throw paper airplanes continually for
one hour. What behavioral concept
does this illustrate?
A.
modeling
C.
satiation
B.
response cost
D.
shaping
25.
A common criticism of behavioral methods used to promote learning is that
such methods
A. are
ineffective for long-term behavior change in older students
B. are
not based on accepted principles of learning
C.
result in decreased interest in learning when rewards are unavailable
D.
require time-consuming strategies compared to other methods
***KEEP THIS SHEET - you may record your multiple-choice answers on it to compare with the Answer Key after the test.
Write answers to these questions in your blue-book.
KEY TERMS & NAMES.
Select 5. For each term, supply a precise definition including the context
and a clear example. For each name, supply the context and 2 other pieces
of information about that person. (@ 3 points)
Higher-order
Conditioning
Torrance Test
Variable Ratio Schedule Contextual (Practical) Intelligence
Resistance Culture Elaborated Codes
Learning
Style
Jane Elliot
SHORT ANSWER. Select and answer 2 (@ 6 points).
1. For each behavior listed
below, identify which specific learning procedure would be best and
briefly describe exactly how you would use it:
A) Decreasing fear of public speaking in a 4th-grader.
B) Decreasing shouting-out answers in a class.
C) Improving cursive-writing skills.
2. Compare & contrast each
pair by identifying 1 major similarity and difference:
A) Cognitive Style vs Learning Preferences
B) Howard Gardner vs Robert Sternberg
C) Negative Reinforcement vs Negative Punishment
3. Graph the relationship between SES and grades. Then supply any 4 possible explanations for that relationship (ala Garcia or others). Which 1 of those explanations is most controllable by the classroom teacher and how?
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1. B 2.
B 3. B
4. A 5. C
6. C 7. A
8. C 9.
B 10. C
11. B 12. B
13. D 14. A
15. C 16. B
17. C 18. D
19. C 20. C
21. C
22. B 23. C
24. C 25. C